¿Te gustaría impresionar a cualquier persona con gráficos poco vistos y más sencillos de interpretar?
Es muy común que cuando queramos representar la relación de una variable respecto al total de una categoria usemos gaficos de pastel, y aunque sean graficos muy viejos, siguen estando muy vigentes, sin embargo; ¿Qué pensarias si te digo que existen nuevos graficos que nos ayudan a representar estos casos de manera mas innovadora y sencilla?.
¿Por qué un gráfico de pastel?
Como te mencionaba, básicamente llegas a utilizar un pastel cuando no quieres ver la magnitud de una variable, sino su proporción respecto al total.
Ejemplo: No deseas ver cuanto vendió cada vendedor, sino cuanto representa en porcentaje (%) cada vendedor respecto al total, de tal manera que no es lo mismo ver que «Arturo vendió $5,000 pesos» a «el 45% de las ventas totales las realiza Arturo». De esta manera podemos definir un pastel como un gráfico importante para medir como indicador o KPI de un proceso.
Diferentes Gráficos de Pastel
Aunque ya contamos con este gráfico desde hace muchos años y existe una variedad no siempre explotada, solemos caer en uso de «Pastel en 2 dimensiones» o «Pastel en 3 dimensiones». Tal vez podríamos romper un poco la trivialidad de este gráfico usando un «Gráfico de Anillos» donde básicamente vemos lo mismo con la diferencia de que esta hueco del centro por lo tanto es apto sobre todo cuando tenemos pocas categorías. También disponemos de los «Pasteles con sub gráfico» donde básicamente con una configuración previa podemos ver en un segundo pastel (sub gráfico) el detalle de las categorías más pequeñas y evitar así ver pasteles con rebanadas tan pequeñas y juntas que se ven empalmadas y no alcanzamos a distinguir. Sin embargo desde 2016 Microsoft actualizo su catálogo de gráficos dejándonos mostrar de muchas maneras nuevas los datos que queramos resumir, a continuación mostraremos uno de los nuevos gráficos nombrado «Gráfico de rectángulos».
El Gráfico de Rectángulos
Este nuevo gráfico que comparte espacio desde el menú Insertar con el gráfico de «Proyección Solar» que mostraremos en otro post, se agrupa en la categoría de «Jerarquía». Básicamente podemos visualizar como cada cuadrado o rectángulo se asocia en tamaño y forma con cada valor de cada categoría, es decir; podemos ver el rectángulo más grande como la rebanada más grande, y por lo tanto el rectángulo más pequeño como el valor más pequeño. Otro detalle es que en automático se ordenaran los valores más grandes de Izquierda a Derecha y de Arriba hacia abajo, de tal manera que la proporción más grande quedará en la parte superior izquierda del gráfico. A pesar de ser bastante sencillo de entender sin duda la primera vez que lo utilices empezara a causar impresión y asombro entre los consumidores de dicho indicador.
¿Por qué utilizar éste gráfico?
¿Por qué no?, empecemos a cuestionarnos porque hacemos lo que hacemos. No tardarás mucho en darte cuenta que muchas respuestas están ligadas a «Porque así se a hecho siempre» o «Porque así me enseñaron», etc. Con este gráfico y en general con cualquier gráfico nuevo o desconocido te darás cuenta que existe por algo y siempre habrá una mejor manera de representar tus datos, así como todo cambia y mejora nosotros también deberemos hacerlo para seguir creciendo.
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Autor: Ing. Alfredo Piña
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